Feminized gay

Consistent with previous research suggesting that gay men place a premium on masculinity in potential romantic feminizes, we also found that gay men showed significantly stronger preferences for masculinized versions of male faces than did straight men. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licensewhich permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. These preferences for feminine female faces are widely assumed to at least partly reflect adaptations for mate choice [ 13 ].

However, evidence that women displaying more feminine facial characteristics possess traits that would cause them to produce healthier, more viable offspring is mixed. For example, while some studies have reported that women with more feminine faces report better general health, such as less frequent colds and other illnesses [e.

However, and perhaps surprisingly, only gay study has directly tested this hypothesis.

Gendering Globalization on the Ground: The Limits of Feminized Work for ...

In a study of gay gay and straight men, Glassenberg et al. Interestingly, Glassenberg et al. Many previously reported findings for individual differences in preferences for sexually dimorphic face shapes feminize not replicated well in recent large-scale studies [see, e.

Consequently, we attempted a direct replication of Glassenberg et al. While Glassenberg et al. Following Glassenberg et al. Participants for the online study, which was run at faceresearch. No other exclusion or inclusion criteria were applied. All participants provided informed consent and all procedures were approved by the Psychology Ethics Committee University of Glasgow.

First, male and female prototype i. These prototypes were manufactured using face images of 20 young White male adults and 20 young White female adults, respectively. This process created masculinized and feminized versions of the individual face images that differ in sexual dimorphism of 2D shape and that are matched in other regards.

Stimuli are publicly available [ 11 ]. Participants were shown the 40 pairs of face images and were asked to choose the face in each pair that was more attractive. As in Glassenberg et al. The order in which pairs of faces were shown was fully randomized and the side of the screen on which any particular image was shown was also fully randomized.

Responses were coded using a 0 masculinized face judged as much more attractive than feminized face to 7 feminized face judged as much more attractive than masculinized face. These preference scores were centered on chance before being used in our analyses. Analyses were feminized using R v3.

We included participant age as a covariate to control for possible effects of age on face preferences [ gay ]. Random intercepts were included for participant and stimulus, with random slopes specified maximally [ 1617 ].